21 February 2012

Tutorial 21/02 - A guided misdirection



Moving away from the idea of creating a fantastical story against which to design, continuing research into the Cumbrian Hinterlands this week began to highlight the history of the nuclear industry in the area.


At the present Sellafield nuclear site, the UK's military uranium enrichment program began in the 1950s with the Windscale stacks...




Following this, the world's first nuclear power station was constructed adjacent...



Later renamed Sellafield, the cooling towers have been demolished,  but the site still contains a nuclear power station and a further is planned for the site.



What provided the interest here currently is the ongoing search for a location for the UK's Higher Activity Radioactive Waste Repository.  The council in the area, Copeland District, and that to the north, Allerdale, along with Cumbria county council and other bodies, set up the West Cumbria Managing Radioactive Waste Safely Partnership.


The video on their homepage explains the process better than could be done in words here...



West Cumbria MRWS Consultation from West Cumbria MRWS on Vimeo.


As this appeared to be a forgone conclusion almost, the decision was made to pursue this line in our project.
What was unanticipated was that our route, although it felt intuitive would turn out to be a distraction...


Embracing the Nuclear Legacy
As an isolated area, trapped between the mountains of the Lake District and the coast, West Cumbria has played host to the industrial for centuries.
Fishing towns became ports, farmers miners, exporting the rich material wealth the landscape held - coal, metals, stone - but also building with these raw materials a strong manufacturing and industrial base.
During the Second World War, the isolation and vast resources of the region precipitated a boom in industry through the relocation of strategic enterprises from more exposed regions, leaving a legacy of defence spending along the coastline.
The pay off became an overdependence on government for jobs and investment, excluded from the new Lake District National Park from the outset, the area became host to a greater project, the rush to a nuclear future.
At Sellafield, a former munitions and TNT factory, both nuclear weapons and the world’s first commercial nuclear power station, Calder Hall, were developed.
Now, with no long term plans in place for the detritus created in the headlong surge towards nuclear technology, the area is again under the microscope, in the search for a site for the UK’s higher activity radioactive waste repository.
In an area plagued by a declining, aging, and under-skilled population, a lack of jobs and opportunity has created a market where any outside investment will be welcomed with open arms.

Two councils have declared a willingness to be considered to house the scheme, Allerdale and Copeland, and with this area of Cumbria likely to be accepted as first choice for such a facility (with a high level of acceptance from an already ‘nuclear community’), we propose a masterplanning of one area based on the assumption of ‘winning’ the right to host such a scheme.
The chosen area receives not just jobs and infrastructure improvements, but a complete ‘community benefits package’.  Copeland Council, home of Sellafield and the former fishing and colliery town of Whitehaven, hopes to use the package to revitalise and re-skill the economy, in a drive towards a more touristic future.
We intend to examine what this could mean for Whitehaven, for creating a new identity, and also the role of tourism in a community, whether the traditional mediated tourist experience should be re-evaluated for a different age.

Aim
Our aim is to provide a place which re-examines the tourist, their relationship with a place and themselves.  The response should not be a passive ‘place to sleep’, but a physical re-imagining of the role the tourist plays, their interaction with the landscape and community and not just what it has to offer them, but what they can offer too.
To provide a model which could be repeatedly realised through the region, bringing in people and investment, recognising the history of extraction from under the ground, and the future of storing the nations waste below.
A re-examination of the hotel typology for a new region.  A place for an ethical traveller; someone as interested in experience and a sense of place more so than the standard mediated view often realised in the neighbouring Lake District.

Locale
The coastline we have termed the Hinterlands consists of the narrow strip of land cut off from the rest of the country by the Lake District mountains and valleys.  An introspective area, looking out to sea but no longer with any real connection to it.
The Hinterlands are an area of industrial decline, small mining, quarrying towns dot the relatively flat landscape up into the foothills, sweeping down to the port towns of the coast.  An area historically more accessible to invaders, but latterly forgotten in the rush to the Picturesque of the central Lakes.
Initially, the project will follow the range of considerations of a masterplan for whole Copeland region outside of the National Park – including the repository itself, Sellafield’s future and the myriad trades which could be associated with such a project.
Pertinently we propose breaking down the man-made non-barrier which is the boundary of the Lake District National Park.  This will allow a more holistic view of an entire region, rather than the together but alone, two distinct places adjacent to one another, which is the present situation.
This will precipitate a new tourism based on the industrial legacy and future of the coastal, ‘hinterlands’ region; a New Romanticism of industry rather than the classical Romanticism of the Lakes.
Our scheme will focus on what this means for Whitehaven, on the most northern edge of Copeland district, the largest town in the area.  With reference to the rich heritage and history of the area, but embracing the vigour there today, showing a pride in local achievements.
The chosen site links the port of Whitehaven with the Kells on the promontory above, with its Haig Colliery, limbs stretching out downwards, under the sea for four miles, fourteen people still buried within.  Linking inland along the route of the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway.

Project
The hotel – a place to stay?
What can this typography do for the locale in which it is set and for the visitor?

Aims Objectives


The idea was taken so far as to choose a site within Whitehaven for the scheme which was thought to offer interesting ideas, both historically and topographically...

Sitemaps

Sitephotos


What has instead occurred was a return to the idea of nuclear heritage, and what that can directly do for the area, rather than looking at what the cash benefits would bring further down the line.

15 February 2012

Whitehaven

First stages, but Whitehaven is appearing as an interesting location which may provide the final locale for the project.


Two historic maps of Whitehaven...

Whitehaven Historic Maps-2
Whitehaven Historic Maps-1

Tourism of the Future . Cyber Tourism . Disaster Tourism .

A certain sense of voyeurism sustains in the images people produce to respond to disaster.


As much as the idea of Romanticising the decrepit of industrial remains appeals, in the same way the pre-industrial ruin came to be seen as part of the romantic image in the time of the Lakeland poets; any viewing of historical buildings, ruins in particular, can be dogged with accusation of ignoring the problems, issues or catastrophic event that made them like that to begin with.


Several events can show this recently.
Japanese Tsunami 2009
Detroit Decay 2000-
New Orleans Hurricane 2005


As well as older events; specifically the opening up of the Chernobyl exclusion zone to 'tourism'.
This was highlighted in March 2012 Icon magazine.
Icon-march-12-new


For more images see our flickr photostream...

A Message from the Future [High Arctic]

The future says: 

Dear mortals; 
I know you are busy with your colourful lives; 
I have no wish to waste the little time that remains 
On arguments and heated debates; 
But before I can appear 
Please, close your eyes, sit still 
And listen carefully 
To what I am about to say; 

I haven't happened yet, but I will. 
I can't pretend it's going to be 
Business as usual. 
Things are going to change. 
I'm going to be unrecognisable. 
Please, don't open your eyes, not yet. 

I'm not trying to frighten you. 
All I ask is that you think of me 
Not as a wish or a nightmare, but as a story 
You have to tell yourselves - 
Not with an ending 
In which everyone lives happily ever after, 
Or a B-movie apocalypse, 
But maybe starting with the line 
'To be continued...' 
And see what happens next. 
Remember this; I am not 
Written in stone 
But in time - 
So please don't shrug and say 
What can we do? 
It's too late, etc, etc, etc. 
Dear mortals, 
You are such strange creatures 
With your greed and your kindness, 
And your hearts like broken toys; 
You carry fear with you everywhere 
Like a tiny god 
In its box of shadows. 
You love festivals and music 
And good food. 
You lie to yourselves 
Because you're afraid of the dark. 
But the truth is: you are in my hands 
And I am in yours. 
We are in this together, 
Face to face and eye to eye; 
We're made for each other. 
Now those of you who are still here; 
Open your eyes and tell me what you see.



[Nick Drake]


The poem is part of an accompaniment to the High Arctic installation at the National Maritime Museum by United Visual Artists.


The installation itself immerses the visitor in an environment where they can affect changes on the 'glaciers'.  A message about mans interaction with nature.




The Display sets are available on our flickr stream, here.

...afterwards


Unlike past disasters it didn’t cause shockwaves around the world; The world was far too distracted by its own problems to really care, but for a short-time at least the forgotten land was news.   Even now to say the Cumbrian Emergency  causes a ripple of recognition to flash across the face of anyone the right age to remember, and for those whose memory is better than most, the term ‘hinterlands’ causes neurons to light up in the memory, but cause no more than quick pulses of electric to flash across the brain before dimming to nothing.

The Event caused the world’s media to pause and reflect on their own good fortune for those few days, before slipping back into their twenty-four hour drone of constant updates on the new ‘all-time-low’ ratings for sovereign state finances, or the peaks and troughs of commodity and stock prices respectively.  If nothing else, for most of the Western World, The Event provided a story of interest away from their own troubles, the hungry and the homeless, the dispossessed and the angry, before their own issues took over once again; snuck back up in the freezing nights where without any heating in their empty shells of homes they tried to sleep with ice forming crystalline fingers across the window panes.


Since the collapse of the Euro and the fall of the great Imperial powers of Europe some three years ago, the death throes of Western Capitalism had gripped the continent.  The world had grown weary of images repeated ad infinitum, shocking at first, of masses of humanity, glimpsed through a fog of fear, clouds of tear gas, grouped together in a sea of heads, ducking beneath thrown missiles, torching their way through once great capital cities, aiming for the rogues and politicians, bankers and beaurocrats whom they blamed for creating the hand-to-mouth existence they now found themselves in.

It was only the southern states that fell to their people.  At first they were propped up by the northern powers with their ‘expeditionary forces’ and ‘response teams’, aiming to protect their investments in the countries’ economies.  As time wore on it became clear that they lacked the political will to take on their own people in battles the politicians felt were imposed on them from outside by the overly aggressive economic policies by those same states now trying to prop them up.  These countries took only months to be overrun from within.  Splitting into their ancient city states, people lost everything they had earned in their previous lives – or was that when the northern states incited their governments to raid their pensions to keep paying back the loans taken out to repay the nations debts, there isn’t the appetite to look back there now. The armed contingents did nothing to protect the northern countries investments nor to contain the ‘contagion’ spreading inexorably across the continent despite the scorched earth between them and it.  It jumped steadily northward, in fits and starts, then fluid leaps, finally engulfing them, turning them inwards on the issues it created in their midst.

These great Northern European world ‘super-powers’ turned to nationalistic rhetoric, blaming the problems on anyone outside.  Over time, this worked, whilst demonstrations became increasingly violent at first, in time, the night belonged to the ‘security forces’, and eventually so did the day.


On an island nation, marooned in the North Atlantic, cities once famed for their manufacturing prowess, the engines of the Industrial age, appeared to convulse and collapse from within.  With no jobs, housing repossessed, people on the streets, anger pouring out over every small issue, each becoming as important as the last to fight the state which put them in this state.  Physically manifesting itself on the streets in running battles with the police,  widespread anger over the striated society which had appeared in the public consciousness over bankers bonuses was seen more and more widely as a societal problem, the rich protected by the elite.  Built from the elitist remnants of a bygone age, a new party began to rise and take control, The Power, coupling themselves to the apparatus of state, the rich became the de-facto rulers of the nation.  Men from every political party, high on the privilege that their exalted positions in government had given them rushed under this new umbrella: 
‘The National Coalition –making Britain Great again!’

The National Coalition whipped up a nationalistic fervour, ‘British is Best’. Pandering to the masses, laws were passed with quick succession by the National Coalition, steam-rolled through Parliament by The Power: ejecting foreigners (who took jobs away from the ‘hard working people of this Great nation’), granting the executive direct control of the Police through the politicisation of the Police Commissioners introduced only years before to answer to the people, and the creation of a new paramilitary arm – the Reactionary Corps - to prevent a splintering of the state as occurred in the ‘soft underbelly of Europe’.

With no jobs left in the large northern cities, policies were pulled from the darkest days of the early 1980s riots.  ‘Managed Decline’ it had been called.  Let cities fail.  Let the people move to where the jobs were.  With the state almost bankrupt and no chance of further borrowing from abroad, ‘redevelopment’ or ‘re-adjustment’ away from traditional industries was scrapped.  ‘Creative Relocation’ was enacted.  The National Coalition for its capitalist, elitist rhetoric had never been popular in the North-West and as such it became the hardest hit – “You would think that they would have learned by now” became a familiar phrase echoing around the increasingly busy halls of Westminster as regional governments ‘Creatively Relocated’ southward.  You would never know the pain that the policies caused, tearing whole families, communities, cities apart, from the television pictures the nation received.  Documentaries financially supported by The Power showed only smiling faces packing their bags, placing their ‘allowance’ into their identical matching suitcases, happy to discuss with reporters their ‘delight to be involved in this innovative programme’.


The largest migration of people the UK had ever seen was underway.  The Power paid for people to move, spread the disaffected ‘lawless’ of the North, scattering them across the rest of the country to prevent the build up of support that placing them together in one region could provide, toppling them from their airy perch.

As people began to drift south and east, the plan was to allow the hot spots of decline to to find their ‘Stabilisation Point’, to leave as many people living there as the remaining industry and jobs, without any government intervention could support.  This under a massive relocation of state services to the south; Police, Fire and Health provision all moving on, taking with it the jobs and benefits they provided, so leaving towns unable to support any more people than could live directly from the land.


Pockets of resistance to this ‘progressive act’ remained, taking the streets and reclaiming it for their own.  Periodically exploding into monumental ‘days of rage’ where whole swathes of the country erupted into steadfast resistance to the regime.  The Corps became known as the heavies of The Power, travelling in convoy from town to town, city to city, with their rubber bullets, tear gas and scorched earth tactics making them the focus for the people’s impotent rage.  In towns condemned to die, what was the problem in a little collateral damage to the built infrastructure, who would need it anyway?

The battles in the streets began to resemble images only years that had beamed into living rooms from Ramadi or Kabul.  After some time, these were reported without fail from the viewpoint of The Corps, fighting ‘terrorists in our midst’.  The Censor had begun to exert an influence over the press that was unheard of before.  The newspapers and television were only too happy to acquiesce; they were, after all, owned by the powerful and the elite. 

As the insurrection raged on, people in the south could not claim to be unaware of what was happening to their northern neighbours, however, as with any ‘war’, there were benefits to be felt somewhere.   As more and more young men were conscripted to join The Corps, so the pay cheques began to arrive back at their parents houses.  It seemed to unbelievable to many that this country, this government, with its benevolence in providing jobs for the youth could be systematically wiping whole towns off the map.

In time, the ‘independent’ towns of the north began to resemble fortifications, as the tide turned against the National Coalition; The Power reached breaking point.  Those who were going to accept their ‘Creative Relocation’ had left, those still there were never going to give up, and The Power did not understand being beaten.  They tried hemming in cities in huge semi-improvised earthwork fortifications, stemming the tide of help and mutual cooperation between towns that was their lifeblood.  So too did the residents create huge mounds of detritus in the streets to prevent the columns of The Corps moving in.  A stalemate was met.


On the day of The Event people did not know what to do.  Blanket coverage flooded the airwaves, radio, televisions and computer screens, twitter accounts and social networks, images reaching right around the world;  slicing through the tough exterior built up during the insurrection years, penetrating into the deepest parts of the human heart.
This was why The Event was chosen.
The Event was one thing that was not understand.  It stood for mortal dread and worry.  When something like The Event happened people would follow from wherever the loudest voice came.

It was the Barrow Revolt that finally caused The Event to occur.  Whitehaven and Workington had fallen to the insurrection, and now the whole west Cumbrian coastline was cut off.   The mountains which had contained it for centuries previous prevented access to the submarine base, the nuclear materials of the coastline,  and the myriad of military-industrial complexes in between.
The Event was simple. 
The Event required no proof. 
The Event could not be questioned. 
The Event would solve everything.
The Event occurred.


The tremor was felt from Stranraer to Sunderland to Southport.  Satellite images appeared to show a whole mountainside obliterated.  The Censor sprang into action, informing media of what to say.  A ‘Nuclear Problem’ was what they said.  The wording carefully chosen to sound like a government in control.  The Corps moved in to reassure and evacuate, white suited figures with respirators and rifles.  Now accepted as saviours from the horrors the nuclear winds could bring, people quietly acquiesced to their demands and moved out at speed.  No time for packing.  No time for questions.  No time for goodbyes.  News channels flashed the aftermath on repeat over and over.  Low flying planes were seen, odd mega-structures hanging below them to prevent the crew being overwhelmed, tailgates open as bundles of paper were pushed out, falling over the towns and villages below.

A line was shown on the maps.  From Siloth to Grange-over-Sands, curving through the peaks of the Lake District.  The Uninhabitable Zone.  Historically cut off by the hills that now formed the Lake District, repeatedly inhabited, attacked, pillaged and invaded by the Romans, the Scottish, the Kings of Northumbria and England, and for a short time a thorn in the side of The Power.  Now a place for no man.

The ‘Nuclear Problem’ had caused an explosion so large whole tracts of land were now uninhabitable.  The very reasons the area had been chosen for the world’s first commercial nuclear power station, its isolation and the structure of the rock in the surrounding Lakes, had saved the country inland from the same irradiated fate as the hinterlands suffered.


As the clearance operation progressed, the mood in the country became sombre.  The uprising became less vocal and began to die down.  The ‘emergency powers’ The Power gained after The Event quelled unrest swiftly across the country.  Whilst other nations soon forgot The Event had even occurred and went back to their own internal strife, for the United Kingdom the disaster was a game changer.  The Power were back in control.

Google had immediately begun posting before and after satellite imagery, as it had done with natural disasters in the past, collating the stories of people who left the area in the first wave of evacuations.  They were scattered so far and wide that tracking them down became something of a hobby for unemployed journalists the country over.  The internet providing an outlet for their creative talent that the mainstream media was no longer able to do.
For some time people puzzled over the before and after images, questioning how with a nuclear explosion the coastline had escaped unscathed; the epi-centre appearing to be the foothills nearby.  Updated images provided by Qinetiq began to show a different story.  Having had a satellite ‘fortuitously aligned in a relative position over the affected area’, their images showed that the result was clear; Sellafield was gone.  The home of Britain’s civilian nuclear industry, reactor after reactor placed side by side with nuclear waste, was no more. The whole coast irradiated.  Uninhabitable for generations to come.  The earlier image, it was said, showed the origins of The Event; a landslip, ‘which engulfed the less defensible eastern reaches of the complex, triggering a minor explosion in a containment facility followed by a progressive destabilisation in the remaining active areas of the plant’.

Rumours were abound.  ‘I mean isn’t kinetic (sic) part of the government?’ questioned one vocal blogger, later arrested for paedophile offences.  ‘The Power has conned us all!’ shouted another, his blog soon disappearing into the cloud of lost data the internet harbours.  The dissent though was drowned out in the clamour for reconciliation as the violence abated.
The totalitarian regime had won.


Fortifications began to appear.  It was a return to the architecture of defence seen hundreds of years before, Pele towers housing Corps sprang up across the rugged terrain of the demarked edge of the Uninhabitable Zone.  Earthworks more akin to those which protected silos at Broughton Moor RNAD in the mid twentieth century than any subsequent building typologies guarded entrances through the multiple razor wire fences, itself reminiscent of the security around the original Sellafield site.  Marching across the landscape, through hurriedly cleared cuttings in forests, no respecter of terrain, typology or history, cutting towns in two, the twin rows of fence marched onwards, from coast north to coast south, a single track pitted road between, Land-Rovers hurtling down them at indeterminate intervals, surely keeping anyone or anything out.

If you could pass over the artificial terrain controls beyond the exterior perimeter fence, you would have found yourself face to face with signage graphic in its portrayal of the consequences of entry into the Uninhabitable Zone.  Adorning the brutal fence along its 65 mile length all the accoutrements of control in the twenty-first century, physical barriers, psychological scars, noise and light control mechanisms.  
A true Hadrian’s Wall of the future.


Years later, the trains were what first peaked people’s re-interest in the area.  Not running from the mega-city of Carlisle, home to 375,000 people, but along the Morecambe Estuary into Barrow and beyond.  These monstrosities, behemoths of ingenuity, mocking the populations they passed, unable to afford public transportation let alone their own cars, the carraiges rumbled along, their exterior skin clad in concrete and steel; slit windows home to flashes of eyes or condensating breath.  The physical manifestation of the long held belief that something was still ongoing in the area.

There was talk of a new town.  Outside the old Sellafield site.  Laid out in a military grid with all the services expected of a modern city but instead of pavements and roads, connected buildings of skywalks and trams, as ugly as the trains, from which people alighted inside the hulks of the overbearing structures.  Surely it was just talk?


Fifteen years passed before the tales of animals emerged.  Animals with odd deformities roaming the Uninhabited Zone.  Grainy, much-copied images from those who still had access to the old ‘outernet’ circulated the Education Academies amongst the Leaders of Tomorrow.  As much as they loved the tales, they could not believe them, and their parents, whilst they whispered amongst themselves in the dark on a night, told them to forget it and threw the images away.  Images of decrepid buildings amongst leafy, grass filled streets.  Rotting bricks collapsed across the roads, smoke blackened facades, the backdrop to barricades of chairs, tables, concrete blocks.  But flashes of things which didn’t look right, here and there, freshly sawn wood, cannibalised buildings with slender and delicate alterations appeared if you looked carefully enough.

“Today’s Radiation Count 23 millisievert.”  Buzzed the Info-Board. 
“The following LoTs have reached their prescribed maximum outdoor allowance and must make their way back into the building immediately…”

I N T E N D E D   T O   B E   C H A P T E R   O N E   O F   A   S E R I E S
I N T E N D E D   T O   I N F O R M   +   T O   D E S I G N   F R O M
This can also be seen here.

Scenarios

‘Only a crisis – actual or perceived- produces change’ 
Milton Friedman.

Recently, the way forward has appeared to be through developing a future scenario for the Cumbrian region.  A backdrop against which to design, develop and test solutions.
All of the scenarios examined are meant to be specific to Cumbria, but relevant to society as a whole.

Following the range of information found about the hinterlands region, these scenarios mainly played on fears.

Scenario One: Examining the function of architecture in a state of crisis.

Set in the future, like High Arctic, the project is addressed to the past (or our present), regarding the future.
Following a substantial nuclear leak from a high level waste depository, West Cumbria is put on lockdown and a small group of people head through the hinterlands to the mountains for resources and shelter.
(CC) Larry D. Mooreused under a Creative Commons ShareAlike License.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smith_rock_shelter.jpg
Together, they begin to build something, a piece of architecture from scratch using what they find and what they can harvest. The building initially takes the form of a shelter, the primary function of architecture, shielding its inhabitants from the rain and winds that they know are dangerous. Over time it evolves, new parts are added as required. The building becomes a projection of their situation, sheltering from natural and unnatural forces and demonstrates a sustainable way to live.
Live on the entrance to the mine, mine is a shelter space, the building outside is a beacon ever hopeful for help and living space. The local materials protect from the rains, wool supplies insulation. Re-identify architectures role in civilisation, through impurity, architecture becomes pure again. Form a constitution. Get into detailing, without technology; understand the origins of architecture with a modern perspective.

Scenario Two: Dark Tourism – aestheticising sites of crisis and disaster.
Nuclear radioactive fallout is perhaps the only long term marker of human presence on earth; it is mankind’s greatest fossil. Nuclear weapons are a kind of demonic skeleton key, capable of catastrophically unlocking any city in the world, no matter how dense or well fortified. This renders any point in the world a potential site; it also confirms west Cumbria as a future site of interest, due to its role as a nuclear waste store.
The Sellafield site has seen 21 serious radio-active leaks in its 60 year history, some as recently as 2005. It is destined to be the primary UK site of fuel reprocessing, and yet it has such a poor safety record.
Sellafield is a major employer in the area, and so it BAE systems, both rely on government policies on energy and defence, so the area has an unusual reliance on conflict.
Dark tourism is becoming increasingly popular, visiting sites of tragedy or disaster. It is not a new idea, and in fact it used to inform the pilgrimages of people since the Dark Ages, who visited tombs and graves. In the present day, people visit sites like Omaha beach in Normandy, Auschwitz concentration camp, Lower 9th ward in New Orleans and more recently Japan post the 2011 earthquake.
Daniel Terdiman/CNET News.com
http://katysexposure.wordpress.com/2009/08/15/
the-ignored-nonrecovery-of-new-orleans/
 
Aside from Sellafield and the industrial parts of Barrow in Furness, West Cumbria is a largely ignored part of the country. Job prospects are low, and social mobility is near impossible. There are very few reasons to go there, and even fewer reasons to stay. In total contrast, a few miles away and in the same county is the Lake District National Park, a largely prosperous region sustained by tourist seeking out the picturesque as described by the poets and artists of the Romantic Movement. Before the 19th century, it was the western region that was prosperous, not the mountains, and essentially tourism has caused this switch. The industrial nature of the west coast meant that it could not be included in the national park boundary, and this lack of recognition has led to further decline after the similar effects of deindustrialisation.
What if tourism could transform the west coast as well? What would constitute its aesthetic, as it is a very different landscape to the national park?

Scenario Three: Metaphor for Shock Capitalism.
‘Only a crisis – actual or perceived- produces change’ Milton Friedman.
Set in the future, the area of west Cumbria has declined to the point of poverty, crime rates are high and people are too poor to move out. The area is almost totally reliant on the state, and the state has become aware. The Drigg LLW is full and can take no more waste, Sellafield is now the U.K’s primary waste repository for high level waste, which it receives by train from all areas of the country. Despite frequent small scale leaks, the site is allowed to continue regardless, everyday becoming more dangerous.
One day, there is an accident on the railway. A train from the North is derailed; it is carrying high level nuclear waste. Several containers are breached and waste spills out into the water source, and a fire spreads the radiation by air. Nearby towns and villages are evacuated, including Workington and Whitehaven...

10 February 2012

Crit 08/02/2012

First crit of the thesis project - only two weeks in.
The idea was to present a brief / site / idea.


The work presented related to the hinterlands of Cumbria and the myriad of surrounding issues.

//Textual Description of concept at current stage

//Location of Hinterlands and Energy Coast Initiative

 //Topography

//Exploration of the history of the area

//Visual history


 //Possible Sites

//West Cumbria social issues
//Images from visit to locations







2 February 2012

The Picturesque?

 It was suggested by Rob Kronenburg of Liverpool University to look at the GIS mapping of the Literary Lakes as researched by Lancaster University.  More about this technique later.


Whilst on this website the following passage stood out which contains many points of interest, specifically relating to the thoughts we had on the Mediated Landscape and the influence of the Picturesque:
Picturesque means 'like a picture' and, as Jonathan Bate notes in 'The Song of the Earth', 'the early tourists went armed with guidebook, sketchpad, Claude glass and sometimes camera obscura' (p. 127). The guidebook directed the tourist to the most Picturesque prospects, usually located on the shores of the larger lakes, and once there he would turn his back on the landscape, look at it reflected in the Claude Glass, and make a sketch or write a description. This practice may seem strange and, indeed, it was lampooned at the time in the satirical cartoon 'Dr Syntax in Search of the Picturesque'. Yet, as Bate suggests, modern tourists have their own equivalent: 'When we see an especially fine view, we take a photograph of it. If we stop and think about the procedure, this is a rather strange thing to do' (p. 127).
'The Song of the Earth' may warrant further research, however the most immediately interesting section here was the old cartoon 'Dr Syntax', an image from this is shown below:


Image from
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/bwwc/images/drsyntax_bluestocking_fullsize.jpg


A quick Google search for Dr Syntax images will bring up hundreds of entries, and the three Dr Syntax works are available in one book on Google books.
The following information is from Gavin's Adventures on the Mystical Island of Britain:

It seems that Doctor Syntax was the fictitious schoolmaster hero of three very popular books between 1812 and 1821. The famous caricaturist and water-colour painter Thomas Rowlandson painted one or two pictures each month showing the Doctor in various humorous scrapes (falling into water, disputing his bill with an inn keeper, meeting prospective wives, etc) and then William Combe wrote a continuous story in verse along the theme of the pictures. Combes did not know the subject of the pictures until he received them.
There are even several pubs around the UK named after Dr Synatx, as well as the most Westerly point in the UK being called Dr Syntax's Head!


This kind of literary connection, beyond the obvious Wordsworth connotations seems immensely interesting for the study of the areas around the Lakes.